I18N - Charset
Introduction
The D3 code that handles the GUI bitmap font can only load a specific range of bytes as characters. To get the most out of the available entries, special charsets are used. The fonts (Carleton for the menu f.i.) are build/patched so that the right characters appear in the right place.
Encodings
all.lang
This file is in UTF-8, and converted with the help of the script devel/gen_lang.pl:
perl devel/gen_lang.pl
This ensures that the generated language files are in their proper encodings (see below).
All other language files
Note that the language files (f.i. strings/german.lang) as well as the readables and the FM dictionariaries are expected to be in the following encodings:
- Czech, Hungarian, Slovak, Polish: ISO-8859-2 (not WIN-1250!)
- Russian: WIN-1251
- French: ISO-8859-15
- Romanian: ISO-8859-16
- All other languages: ISO-8859-1 (German, Dutch, Danish, Swedish, Portuguese, etc.)
Character remapping
The characters are remapped upon loading the dictionary/readable, from their native encoding to the special one that TDM uses and that is described here. Responsible for the remapping are mapping files, f.i. "strings/czech.map". If a map file for a specific language is not found, "strings/default.map" is used instead, if this is not found, no remapping takes place.
See Character mapping for more information.
European Languages
This mapping is used for European languages, f.i. Czech, French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Polish. Note that the double accented characters in Hungarian Ő, ő, Ű and ű look a bit different from Ö, ö, Ü and ü!
In the table below, the original ISO 8859-1 characters are given in () below the TDM character.
Color code:
UnusableUnusedUsable in v1.08Usable in v2.03Changed from ISO 8859-1
| …0 | …1 | …2 | …3 | …4 | …5 | …6 | …7 | …8 | …9 | …A | …B | …C | …D | …E | …F | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0… | 00 – |
01 – |
02 – |
03 – |
04 – |
05 – |
06 – |
07 – |
08 – |
09 – |
0A – |
0B – |
0C – |
0D – |
0E – |
0F – |
| 1… | 10 – |
11 – |
12 – |
13 – |
14 – |
15 – |
16 – |
17 – |
18 – |
19 – |
1A – |
1B – |
1C – |
1D – |
1E – |
1F – |
| 2… | 20 |
21 ! |
22 " |
23 # |
24 $ |
25 % |
26 & |
27 '' |
28 ( |
29 ) |
2A * |
2B + |
2C , |
2D - |
2E . |
2F / |
| 3… | 30 0 |
31 1 |
32 2 |
33 3 |
34 4 |
35 5 |
36 6 |
37 7 |
38 8 |
39 9 |
3A : |
3B ; |
3C < |
3D = |
3E > |
3F ? |
| 4… | 40 @ |
41 A |
42 B |
43 C |
44 D |
45 E |
46 F |
47 G |
48 H |
49 I |
4A J |
4B K |
4C L |
4D M |
4E N |
4F O |
| 5… | 50 P |
51 Q |
52 R |
53 S |
54 T |
55 U |
56 V |
57 W |
58 X |
59 Y |
5A Z |
5B [ |
5C \ |
5D ] |
5E ^ |
5F _ |
| 6… | 60 ` |
61 a |
62 b |
63 c |
64 d |
65 e |
66 f |
67 g |
68 h |
69 i |
6A j |
6B k |
6C l |
6D m |
6E n |
6F o |
| 7… | 70 p |
71 q |
72 r |
73 s |
74 t |
75 u |
76 v |
77 w |
78 x |
79 y |
7A z |
7B { |
7C | |
7D } |
7E ~ |
7F � |
| 8… | 80 Ň |
81 Ś |
82 Ć |
83 Ż |
84 Ź |
85 Ŝ |
86 Ĉ |
87 Ẑ |
88 Ô [note] |
89 Ŕ |
8A Ǔ |
8B Ă |
8C Ń |
8D Ș |
8E Ț |
8F � |
| 9… | 90 đ |
91 ś |
92 ć |
93 ż |
94 ź |
95 ŝ |
96 ĉ |
97 ẑ |
98 ô [note] |
99 ŕ |
9A ǔ |
9B ă |
9C ń |
9D ș |
9E ț |
9F � |
| A… | A0 NBSP |
A1 ň (¡) |
A2 Ű (¢) |
A3 ě (£) |
A4 ű (¤) |
A5 Ě (¥) |
A6 Š (¦) |
A7 § |
A8 š (¨) |
A9 Ů (©) |
AA Ą (ª) |
AB Ę («) |
AC Č (¬) |
AD SHY |
AE č (®) |
AF ů (¯) |
| B… | B0 Ő (°) |
B1 Ł (±) |
B2 Ť (²) |
B3 Ď (³) |
B4 Ž (´) |
B5 ł (µ) |
B6 ť (¶) |
B7 ď (·) |
B8 ž (¸) |
B9 ő (¹) |
BA ą (º) |
BB ę (») |
BC Œ (¼) |
BD œ (½) |
BE Ÿ (¾) |
BF ¿ |
| C… | C0 À |
C1 Á |
C2 Â |
C3 Ã |
C4 Ä |
C5 Å |
C6 Æ |
C7 Ç |
C8 È |
C9 É |
CA Ê |
CB Ë |
CC Ì |
CD Í |
CE Î |
CF Ï |
| D… | D0 Ð |
D1 Ñ |
D2 Ò |
D3 Ó |
D4 Ô |
D5 Õ |
D6 Ö |
D7 Ř (×) |
D8 Ø |
D9 Ù |
DA Ú |
DB Û |
DC Ü |
DD Ý |
DE Þ |
DF ß |
| E… | E0 à |
E1 á |
E2 â |
E3 ã |
E4 ä |
E5 å |
E6 æ |
E7 ç |
E8 è |
E9 é |
EA ê |
EB ë |
EC ì |
ED í |
EE î |
EF ï |
| F… | F0 ð |
F1 ñ |
F2 ò |
F3 ó |
F4 ô |
F5 õ |
F6 ö |
F7 ř (÷) |
F8 ø |
F9 ù |
FA ú |
FB û |
FC ü |
FD ý |
FE þ |
FF ÿ |
[note] As discussed here, the TDM char set has a redundant treatment of 2 characters:
- Ô appears at 0x88 and 0xD4
- ô appears at 0x98 and 0xF4
Planned for TDM 2.13, the redundancy can be removed and these new characters (from ISO-8859-3) introduced:
- Ğ appears at 0x88
- ğ appears at 0x98
For a mapping of these 256 codepoints to Unicode U+NNNN values and formal names, download 'TDM 8859-Style Font Map to Unicode-16.txt':
Each of these files (by Geep, 2024) is in a standardized format so that it can also be imported into font design programs like FontForge as a custom 256-position map. In the comments, there is additional information about:
- ISO 8859-x sourcing of each character.
- alternative representations of some European and control characters.
Russian
Characters conform to the WIN-1251 native encoding, shown in the Wikipedia article. Exception: the character 0xFF (я) is mapped to 0xB6 upon loading. Therefore any Russian font must contain я at the place 0xB6.
Asian Languages (Korean, Chinese, Japanese)
The original D3 had support for these languages, so it might be possible to add them to TDM, too. At the moment, however, we lack the fonts and translators. Also, writing from right-to-left (Hebrew) or top-down (Japanese) might be tricky or outright impossible in our GUI without more work in the C++ code. Plus, these languages use more than 256 different characters, and an 8 bit table will not hold these.
European Character Implementation Priority - the "Top 50"
Some of the special characters are used more often than others. Here is a statistic over the entire string set of the TDM core, from TDM v1.08, showing the top 50 most-used characters (excluding a-z, 0-9 and russian characters):
| Rank | Occurances | Letter | Remarks | Rank | Occurances | Letter | Remarks |
| 1 | í | 715 | 25 | ć | 67 | ||
| 2 | é | 674 | 26 | è | 65 | ||
| 3 | á | 524 | 27 | ú | 56 | ||
| 4 | ø | 303 | Danish | 28 | ê | 52 | |
| 5 | č | 288 | 29 | ö | 48 | German | |
| 6 | ó | 283 | 30 | É | 46 | ||
| 7 | ü | 270 | German | 31 | ñ | 37 | |
| 8 | ł | 203 | Polish | 32 | õ | 32 | |
| 9 | æ | 200 | Danish | 33 | ń | 26 | |
| 10 | ě | 182 | 34 | Ł | 24 | ||
| 11 | ř | 175 | Czech | 35 | Š | 21 | |
| 12 | ã | 168 | 36 | â | 21 | ||
| 13 | ž | 148 | Czech | 37 | ź | 20 | |
| 14 | ý | 142 | 38 | ß | 18 | German | |
| 15 | ę | 141 | 39 | Ó | 18 | ||
| 16 | ą | 140 | 40 | ň | 15 | ||
| 17 | ż | 119 | 41 | Ú | 15 | ||
| 18 | å | 109 | Danish | 42 | Á | 13 | |
| 19 | š | 99 | 43 | î | 12 | ||
| 20 | ś | 97 | 44 | ť | 11 | ||
| 21 | ç | 91 | 45 | ô | 9 | ||
| 22 | ä | 86 | German | 46 | Ž | 8 | |
| 23 | à | 83 | 47 | Ż | 7 | ||
| 24 | ů | 77 | 48 | Č | 7 | ||
| 25 | ć | 67 | 49 | ù | 6 |
Although ö, ä and ü do not appear that often, with only these and Ü, Ö, Ä and ß, the entire German language works. So adding these letters to the fonts is quite important.
Preferably, all foreign letters would be added to the fonts (see Font Patcher or Refont). However, if time permits only adding a few, í would be more important than, say, ô.
It is commonplace for missing accented letters to be redirected in the .dat file to the corresponding unaccented base letter.
By 2014, all the system (e.g., main menu) fonts (Carleton, Carleton_condensed, Stone in sizes 24pt and 48pt; Mason and Mason_glow in 48pt) had good coverage of the "Top 50" and beyond, although not all 256 codepoints. This was confirmed more specifically in 2024, as part of an Analysis of 2.12 Fonts. This analysis indicated that, unlike the system fonts, the FM fonts generally did not provide specific glyphs beyond ASCII.
In 2024 for TDM 2.13, Stone 24pt, important for subtitles, was further extended to cover all 256 codepoints.
See Also
- I18N - Main article
Translation resources
- The charset TDM fonts use
- I18N.pl - a script to transform a FM into a mission and I18N data
- Bug Tracker entry #2779
- Text Decals for Signs etc.
- Fonts in TDM
- Font Conversion & Repair - with links to ExportFontToDoom3, Q3Font, Refont, and Font Patcher
Overview of translations
- I18N Status - Which FMs are translated into which language (not entirely up to date)
- Translating FMs
- List of translators
- Translator's Guide
Translation discussions
